MDCAT Logical Reasoning

MDCAT Logical Reasoning syllabus and past paper MCQs

The MDCAT Logical Reasoning syllabus has 6 units and 6 topics. Below is every unit with its topics and the number of past paper MCQs we have for it — 44 in all, each with its correct answer and a solution.

Practise Logical Reasoning MCQs

Units and topics

  1. Critical Thinking 6 MCQs

    Critical Thinking

  2. Letter and Symbol Series 8 MCQs

    Letter and Symbol Series

  3. Logical Deductions 6 MCQs

    Logical Deductions

  4. Logical Problems 14 MCQs

    Logical Problems

  5. Course of Action 2 MCQs

    Course of Action

  6. Cause and Effect 8 MCQs

    Cause and Effect

Critical Thinking — MDCAT MCQs

1.A mobile company is deciding whether to collect personal user data for improving advertisement. Which of the following is a moral argument against collecting the data? (KMU MDCAT 2025)

  1. Users may lose trust in the company, which could hurt profits.
  2. It is wrong to collect data without users' clear and informed consent.
  3. Competitors already collect more data, and we need to stay competitive.
  4. More data means more accurate advertising, which boosts sales.
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) It is wrong to collect data without users' clear and informed consent.

Only the consent argument is about right and wrong; the others weigh profit and competition.

2.What is the primary difference between hypothesis and a theory? (SZABMU MDCAT 2025)

  1. A hypothesis is a proven fact, while a theory is an unproven data
  2. A hypothesis is a specific prediction, while a theory is a broad explanation
  3. A hypothesis is a qualitative statement, while a theory is quantitative statement
  4. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation, while a theory is a well-substantiated explanation
Show answer

Correct answer: (d) A hypothesis is a tentative explanation, while a theory is a well-substantiated explanation

A hypothesis is a proposal still to be tested; a theory has already survived a great deal of testing.

3.Read the given passage and the following statements below. Then choose the option, basing your answer only on the information provided. The Early Medieval period (642-1219 CE) witnessed the spread of Islam in a region which is now known as Pakistan. During this period, Sufi missionaries played a pivotal role in converting a majority of the regional Buddhist population to Islam. Statements: I. Islam was spread in Pakistan region during the Early Medieval period. II. Sufi missionaries converted a lot of people to Islam during this time by force. III. It can be said that the Sufis were responsible for Pakistan ultimately become an Islamic country. (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)

  1. Only I is correct.
  2. Only I and II are correct.
  3. I, II and III all are correct.
  4. Only I and III are correct.
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) Only I is correct.

The passage says the Sufis converted people; it says nothing of force and draws no conclusion about the founding of the country.

4.Choose the word which is always associated with Electrical Energy. (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Light
  2. Cars
  3. Power
  4. Water
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) Light

Electrical energy is what a lamp turns into light; the others are not tied to it.

5.An autograph can not exist without? (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Singer
  2. Actor
  3. Player
  4. Pen
Show answer

Correct answer: (d) Pen

An autograph is a signature, and it cannot be written without something to write with.

6.“Pick the word which is always associated with books: (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Pages
  2. Learning
  3. Pictures
  4. Eraser
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) Learning

A book may or may not have pictures, but it is always for learning.

Letter and Symbol Series — MDCAT MCQs

7.What will come next? 1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6, 4, 7, ? (UHS MDCAT 2025)

  1. 5
  2. 6
  3. 7
  4. 8
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) 5

The series runs in pairs, each pair three more than the last, so after 4 and 7 comes 5.

8.The virus spreads rapidly in the town. It infected the people - First day: 8, Second day: 1 Third day: 32. What will the number of people infected on the next day? (UHS MDCAT 2025)

  1. 44 people
  2. 56 people
  3. 64 people
  4. 74 people
Show answer

Correct answer: (c) 64 people

The number doubles each day, so the day after 32 brings 64.

9.A medication dose starts at 100mg and halves each day. What will be the dose on day 4? (KMU MDCAT 2025)

  1. 12.5mg
  2. 25mg
  3. 30mg
  4. 50mg
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) 12.5mg

The dose runs 100, 50, 25, then 12.5 on the fourth day.

10.Which number comes in the missing place? 200, 180, 162, 146, 132, _____ (KMU MDCAT 2025)

  1. 118
  2. 120
  3. 122
  4. 126
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) 120

The steps shrink by two each time, so after falling 14 the next fall is 12, leaving 120.

11.Consider the sequence: 64, 32, 16, 8, ... What is the 10th term of this sequence? (KMU MDCAT 2025)

  1. 2
  2. 4
  3. 1/4
  4. 1/8
Show answer

Correct answer: (d) 1/8

Each term is half the last, so the tenth is $64/2^9$, which is $1/8$.

12.Which number comes in the missing place? 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, ______ (SZABMU MDCAT 2025)

  1. 61
  2. 63
  3. 65
  4. 67
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) 63

Each term is twice the last plus one, so after 31 comes 63.

13.Find out the missing term in the sequence: 15, 14, 12, 9, ? (KMU MDCAT 2024)

  1. 5
  2. 6
  3. 7
  4. 8
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) 5

The steps are $-1$, $-2$, $-3$ and then $-4$, which takes 9 down to 5.

14.Observe the pattern and select the next term in the sequence: SSSSS, SSRSS, SRQRS, RQPQR (UHS MDCAT 2023)

  1. RQDQR
  2. QRORQ
  3. RQPOPQR
  4. QPOPQ
Show answer

Correct answer: (d) QPOPQ

Each term steps one letter back on the outside and one more in the middle, so the next is QPOPQ.

Logical Deductions — MDCAT MCQs

15.All daffodils are plants. All plants are living things. Some living things are real. Conclusions: I. All daffodils are living things. II. Some living things are flowers. III. All daffodils are real. Which conclusions follow? (UHS MDCAT 2025)

  1. Only I
  2. Only I and II
  3. Only II and III
  4. All follow
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) Only I

All daffodils are plants and all plants are living, so the first conclusion follows; nothing is said of flowers, and only some living things are real.

16.A is older than B but younger than F. C is younger than B but older than D. Who is the youngest of them? (SZABMU MDCAT 2025)

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
Show answer

Correct answer: (d) D

The order runs F above A above B above C above D, so D is the youngest.

17.All omnivores are herbivores. No herbivores are carnivores. Some carnivores are humans. Which of the following conclusions are TRUE? CONCLUSIONS: I. Some humans are carnivores. II. No carnivores are omnivores. III. Some omnivores are carnivores. (KMU MDCAT 2024)

  1. I and II
  2. I and III
  3. II and III
  4. I, II and III
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) I and II

Omnivores are herbivores and no herbivore is a carnivore, so no omnivore is; and some carnivores being human makes some humans carnivores.

18.If a>b, b>c, and d>a then? (KMU MDCAT 2024)

  1. b<d
  2. a<c
  3. b>d
  4. c>d
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) b<d

From $d>a$ and $a>b$ it follows that $d$ is greater than $b$.

19.All hammers are tools. Some tools are useless things. All useless things are trash. Which of the following conclusions are NECESSARILY TRUE given only in information above? Conclusions: I. Some hammers are trash. II. Some tools are trash. III. All useless things are tools. (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)

  1. I and III.
  2. I and II.
  3. II and III.
  4. II
Show answer

Correct answer: (d) II

Some tools are useless and every useless thing is trash, so some tools are trash; nothing follows about hammers.

20.Statement: It is reported that though Vitamin E present in fresh fruits and vegetables is beneficial for the human body, capsules of Vitamin E do not have the same effect on the human body. (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Only I follows
  2. Only II follows
  3. Both follow
  4. .Neither statement follows
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) Only II follows

The statement bears only on the difference between the two forms of the vitamin.

Course of Action — MDCAT MCQs

21.An outbreak of a corona disease is reported in the city. What should be the first course of action? (SZABMU MDCAT 2025)

  1. Develop a vaccination plan.
  2. Conduct research on the disease.
  3. Implement quarantine measures.
  4. Inform the public by using all means.
Show answer

Correct answer: (c) Implement quarantine measures.

An outbreak must first be contained; research and vaccines take time the spread will not wait for.

22.Read the following statement, assuming everything in it to be true. Then decide which of the given suggested courses of action logically follow and are pursuing. Statement: My laptop’s battery is low and needs to be charged. Courses of Action: I. Stop using the laptop to save power. II. Get a new fully charged battery and replace it with my old one. (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)

  1. I.
  2. II.
  3. Both I and II.
  4. Neither I nor II.
Show answer

Correct answer: (d) Neither I nor II.

What the battery needs is charging; neither stopping work nor buying a new battery does that.

Cause and Effect — MDCAT MCQs

23.Which of the following is a result of poor design that could cause an accident in the workplace? (UHS MDCAT 2025)

  1. Equipment failure
  2. Slippery surfaces
  3. Insufficient lighting
  4. Unplanned workspace layout
Show answer

Correct answer: (d) Unplanned workspace layout

Equipment, surfaces and lighting are conditions; only the unplanned layout is a fault of the design itself.

24.Which of the following is the main cause of accidents involving equipment? (UHS MDCAT 2025)

  1. Overconfidence
  2. Insufficient maintenance
  3. Fatigue
  4. Poor training
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) Insufficient maintenance

Equipment that is not maintained fails, and that is what most equipment accidents come back to.

25.A hiker climbed to a higher altitude, where he felt the air pressure was lower as compared to the lower altitude. What is the likely effect? (SZABMU MDCAT 2025)

  1. The hiker felt more energetic.
  2. The hiker felt no difficulty in breathing.
  3. The hiker might experience altitude sickness.
  4. The hiker felt healthier and fresh.
Show answer

Correct answer: (c) The hiker might experience altitude sickness.

Thinner air carries less oxygen, and the shortage brings on altitude sickness.

26.Read the following statements and identify the best cause-and-effect relation: I. Sara's productivity at work has significantly decreased over the past month. II. Sara has been experiencing frequent interruptions due to ongoing construction work near her office. Which of the following best describes the cause-and-effect relationship? (KMU MDCAT 2024)

  1. Sara's decreased productivity is causing the construction work.
  2. The ongoing construction work is causing Sara's decreased productivity.
  3. Sara's productivity was already decreasing before the construction work began.
  4. The construction work is unrelated to Sara's productivity.
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) The ongoing construction work is causing Sara's decreased productivity.

The interruptions came first and would plainly hinder work, so they are the cause.

27.I. The government has increased the taxes on all bussinesses in pakistan. II. Many small businesses will have to close their operations in pakistan.] (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)

  1. Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  2. Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  3. Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  4. Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.

The tax came first and would raise costs, so it is the cause and the closures the effect.

28.Statement (A) The Government has imported large quantities of sugar as per trade agreements with other countries. Statement (B) The prices of sugar in the domestic market have fallen sharply in recent months. (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Statement A is the cause and statement B Is its effect.
  2. Statement B is the cause and statement A is its effect
  3. Both statements are independent causes.
  4. Both statements are effects of independent causes.
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) Statement A is the cause and statement B Is its effect.

The imports came first and increased supply, so they are the cause of the fall in price.

29.I. Car manufacturing companies have recently increased the prices of mid-sized cars. II.The Government recently increased the duty on mid-sized cars. (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
  2. Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
  3. Both the statements I and II are independent
  4. Both the statements I and 11 are effects of so
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect

The duty was raised first and adds to the cost, so it is the cause of the price rise.

30.I. Two fighter jets from the air force malfunctioned mid-air after taking off from the air force base. II. One of the flying officers ejected whereas the other one died on spot. (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
  2. Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
  3. c) Both statements I and II are independent causes
  4. Both statements I and 11 are the effects of in
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect

The malfunction came first and caused the crash, so it is the cause.