Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells MDCAT MCQs with answers

76 past paper MCQs on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, from the Cell Structure and Function unit of MDCAT Biology. The year each question appeared is shown where known; tap “Show answer” for the correct option and a short solution.

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1.The structure formed by the invagination of the plasma membrane and involved in cell division and DNA replication of the prokaryotic cell is the: (MDCAT 2022)

  1. lysosome
  2. mesosome
  3. Golgi body
  4. paragon
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Correct answer: (b) mesosome

Mesosomes are folds of the bacterial plasma membrane and carry out the work membrane bound organelles do elsewhere.

2.The cell wall of bacteria is made up of: (MDCAT 2022)

  1. chitin
  2. murein
  3. cellulose
  4. hemicellulose
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Correct answer: (b) murein

Murein, or peptidoglycan, is the bacterial wall material; chitin is fungal and cellulose is plant.

3.Which of the following is a prokaryote? (MDCAT 2022)

  1. Protista
  2. E. coli
  3. Amoeba
  4. Fungi
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Correct answer: (b) E. coli

E. coli is a bacterium, with no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles.

4.How many layers are there in a Gram-negative bacterial cell wall? (MDCAT 2022)

  1. one
  2. two
  3. three
  4. four
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Correct answer: (b) two

A thin peptidoglycan layer with an outer membrane over it makes two.

5.Which structure of a prokaryotic cell plays the role of the mitochondrion? (MDCAT 2023)

  1. spores
  2. cyst
  3. nucleoid
  4. mesosomes
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Correct answer: (d) mesosomes

The respiratory enzymes sit on the mesosome, the infolding of the plasma membrane.

6.The cell wall of a prokaryotic cell is composed of: (MDCAT 2023)

  1. carbohydrates
  2. carbohydrates and proteins
  3. proteins
  4. proteins and lipids
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Correct answer: (b) carbohydrates and proteins

Peptidoglycan is a sugar backbone cross-linked by short peptides.

7.A bacterial cell maintains its shape through its: (MDCAT 2023)

  1. cell wall
  2. capsule
  3. cell membrane
  4. slime layer
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Correct answer: (a) cell wall

The rigid peptidoglycan wall is what holds the shape against the turgor inside.

8.Prokaryotic cells lack: (MDCAT 2024)

  1. mesosomes
  2. ribosomes
  3. storage bodies
  4. membrane bound organelles
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Correct answer: (d) membrane bound organelles

They have ribosomes and inclusions, but no nucleus, mitochondria or other membrane bound organelle.

9.Which option is CORRECT about an endospore? (MDCAT 2024)

  1. it has a short dormant period
  2. it contains moisture for survival
  3. it is metabolically active
  4. it endures extreme conditions
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Correct answer: (d) it endures extreme conditions

The endospore is dry and dormant, and survives heat, drought and disinfectants for years.

10.Mesosomes are invaginations of which bacterial cell structure? (MDCAT 2024)

  1. cell wall
  2. cell membrane
  3. plasmid
  4. cyst
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Correct answer: (b) cell membrane

They are folds of the plasma membrane that carry respiratory enzymes.

11.Which of the following statements best compares cell division in prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells? (UHS MDCAT 2025)

  1. Eukaryotes divide by budding ; prokaryotes by mitosis
  2. Eukaryotes use binary fission ; prokaryotes by meiosis
  3. Eukaryotes divide by mitosis ; prokaryotes by binary fission
  4. Both use mitosis by cell division
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Correct answer: (c) Eukaryotes divide by mitosis ; prokaryotes by binary fission

A eukaryote divides its nucleus by mitosis; a prokaryote has no nucleus and divides by binary fission.

12.How would you classify a bacterium having a group of 2 or more flagella at one pole? (NUMS MDCAT 2025)

  1. Lophotrichous
  2. Amphitrichous
  3. Monotrichous
  4. Peritrichous
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Correct answer: (a) Lophotrichous

A tuft of flagella at one end is lophotrichous.

13.If a bacteria can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen it would be a(n): (NUMS MDCAT 2025)

  1. Aerobic
  2. Anaerobic
  3. Facultative anaerobe
  4. Microaerophilic
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Correct answer: (c) Facultative anaerobe

A facultative anaerobe respires when oxygen is present and ferments when it is not.

14.Which statement best describes difference of prokaryotic cell from eukaryotic cell? (NUMS MDCAT 2025)

  1. Prokaryote: Membrane bound organelle is present / Eukaryote: Membrane bound organelle is absent
  2. Prokaryote: Ribosomal subunits are 50S & 30S / Eukaryote: Ribosomal subunits are 60S & 40S
  3. Prokaryote: DNA is double stranded / Eukaryote: DNA is circular
  4. Prokaryote: Multicellular / Eukaryote: Multicellular and unicellular
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) Prokaryote: Ribosomal subunits are 50S & 30S / Eukaryote: Ribosomal subunits are 60S & 40S

The prokaryotic ribosome is 70S, of 50S and 30S subunits; the eukaryotic one is 80S, of 60S and 40S.

15.A student observes a microorganism under a microscope that lacks a nucleus and is made of a single cell. Which classification would best fit this organism? (SIBA MDCAT 2025)

  1. Unicellular prokaryote
  2. Unicellular eukaryote
  3. Multicellular eukaryote
  4. Multicellular prokaryote
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Correct answer: (a) Unicellular prokaryote

A single cell with no nucleus is a unicellular prokaryote.

16.Respiration in Pseudomonas bacteria is (UHS MDCAT 2024)

  1. Aerobic
  2. Anaerobic
  3. Facultative
  4. Microaerophili
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Correct answer: (a) Aerobic

Pseudomonas needs oxygen to respire, so it is an aerobe.

17.Bacterial genome becomes diploid: (UHS MDCAT 2024)

  1. After fertilization of gametes
  2. Before spore formation
  3. During binary fission
  4. After binary fission
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Correct answer: (c) During binary fission

The chromosome is copied before the cell divides, so for a while there are two of it.

18.Which option is CORRECT about endospore? (UHS MDCAT 2024)

  1. Has a short dormant period
  2. Contains moisture for survival
  3. Metabolically actively
  4. Endures extreme condition
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Correct answer: (d) Endures extreme condition

An endospore has almost no water and a tough coat, so it survives heat and drying for years.

19.Bacteria divide at exponential rate during which growth phase? (UHS MDCAT 2024)

  1. Lag
  2. Log
  3. Stationary
  4. Decline
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Correct answer: (b) Log

Numbers double at a constant interval in the log, or exponential, phase.

20.Mesosomes are the invagination of bacterial cell structure (UHS MDCAT 2024)

  1. Cell wall
  2. Cell membrane
  3. Plasmid
  4. Cysts
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Correct answer: (b) Cell membrane

A mesosome is an infolding of the cell membrane of a bacterium.

21.The peptidoglycan cell wall is specific to. (KMU MDCAT 2024)

  1. Amoeba
  2. Bacteria
  3. Protozoa
  4. Virus
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Correct answer: (b) Bacteria

Peptidoglycan, a mesh of sugars and peptides, is the bacterial cell wall.

22.Bacteria that lack flagella are called? (KMU MDCAT 2024)

  1. Amphitrichous
  2. Atrichious
  3. Lopho
  4. Peritrichous
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Correct answer: (b) Atrichious

A bacterium with no flagellum at all is atrichous.

23.Antibiotics can be used against: (KMU MDCAT 2024)

  1. Herpes simplex
  2. Influenza
  3. Polio
  4. Salmonella typhi
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Correct answer: (d) Salmonella typhi

Antibiotics act on bacteria such as Salmonella typhi; they do nothing to viruses.

24.Which of the following is NOT true about plasmids found in streptococci? (KMU MDCAT 2024)

  1. Carry fewer genes than the chromosome
  2. Replicate autonomously from the chromosome
  3. They are considered as genetic element
  4. The bacterial chromosome depends on plasmids for replication
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Correct answer: (d) The bacterial chromosome depends on plasmids for replication

A plasmid copies itself; the chromosome does not depend on it for anything.

25.Which of the following bacteria produces endospores? (KMU MDCAT 2024)

  1. Both gram negative and positive bacteria
  2. Gram negative
  3. Gram positive
  4. Mycobacteria
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Correct answer: (c) Gram positive

Endospores are made by gram positive genera such as Bacillus and Clostridium.

26.All are the characteristics responsible for better survival of encapsulated bacteria except: (NUMS MDCAT 2024)

  1. High pathogenicity
  2. Withstand dehydration
  3. Strict adhesion to internal surfaces
  4. Easy recognition by host
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Correct answer: (d) Easy recognition by host

The capsule hides the surface markers, so it makes the bacterium harder for the host to recognize.

27.Structure formed by invagination of plasma membrane and involved in cell division and DNA replication of prokaryotic cell: (UHS MDCAT 2023)

  1. Lysosomes
  2. Mesosomes
  3. Golgi bodies
  4. Phragmoplasts
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) Mesosomes

A mesosome is an infolding of the bacterial membrane, and the chromosome is anchored to it.

28.Which one is common in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (UHS MDCAT 2023)

  1. Cytoplasmic streaming movement
  2. Ribosome
  3. Binary fission
  4. Nuclear envelope
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Correct answer: (b) Ribosome

Both kinds of cell make protein on ribosomes, though the ribosomes differ in size.

29.Number of layers present in Gram-negative bacterial cell wall : (UHS MDCAT 2023)

  1. one
  2. two
  3. three
  4. four
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) two

A gram negative wall has a thin peptidoglycan layer with an outer membrane over it.

30.The division of cocci in three planes form Sarcina, which is a cube of ------------ Cocci? (UHS MDCAT 2023)

  1. 02
  2. 04
  3. 08
  4. 16
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Correct answer: (c) 08

Dividing in three planes gives a packet of eight cells.

31.Nitrifying bacteria are the examples of: (UHS MDCAT 2023)

  1. Heterotrophic bacteria
  2. Chemosynthetic bacteria
  3. Saprophytic bacteria
  4. Parasitic bacteria
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Correct answer: (b) Chemosynthetic bacteria

Nitrifying bacteria get their energy by oxidizing ammonia and nitrite, so they are chemosynthetic.

32.The unique macro-molecule in the bacterial cell wall is: (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)

  1. Polysaccharides
  2. Proteins
  3. Peptidoglycan
  4. Cholesterol
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Correct answer: (c) Peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan is found in no other kind of cell.

33.Transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through a third party usually bacteriophage is called: (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)

  1. Conjugation
  2. Transformation
  3. Transduction
  4. Transportation
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Correct answer: (c) Transduction

Transfer carried by a bacteriophage from one bacterium to another is transduction.

34.All of the following are physical methods to control bacteria except: (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)

  1. Sterilization
  2. Boiling
  3. Radiation
  4. Antiseptics
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Correct answer: (d) Antiseptics

An antiseptic is a chemical; heat and radiation are the physical methods.

35._______ increases the pathogenecity of bacteria: (NUMS MDCAT 2023)

  1. Capsule
  2. Cell wall
  3. Slime
  4. Cell membrane
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) Capsule

The capsule hides the bacterium from the phagocytes and helps it stick to surfaces.

36.The smallest known bacteria belong to the genus: (NUMS MDCAT 2023)

  1. Mycoplasma
  2. Streptococcus
  3. Escherichia
  4. Bacillus
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Correct answer: (a) Mycoplasma

Mycoplasmas are the smallest bacteria and have no cell wall.

37.What distinguishes Prokaryotic cell wall from Fungal cell wall? (NUMS MDCAT 2023)

  1. Prokaryotic cell wall contains cellulose
  2. Prokaryotic cell wall contains peptidoglycan
  3. Prokaryotic cell wall contains cutin
  4. Prokaryotic cell wall contains silica
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) Prokaryotic cell wall contains peptidoglycan

A bacterial wall is peptidoglycan; a fungal one is chitin.

38.Cell wall of prokaryotic cell is composed of: (UHS MDCAT 2023)

  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Carbohydrates & Proteins
  3. Proteins
  4. Proteins & Lipids
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Correct answer: (a) Carbohydrates

Peptidoglycan is a carbohydrate backbone cross linked by short peptides.

39.Number of layers of cell wall in Gram positive bacteria is: (UHS MDCAT 2023)

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) 1

A gram positive wall is one thick layer of peptidoglycan with no outer membrane.

40.Which structure of prokaryotic cell will play the role of mitochondrion? (UHS MDCAT 2023)

  1. Spores
  2. Cyst
  3. Nucleotd
  4. Mesosomes
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Correct answer: (d) Mesosomes

The mesosome carries the respiratory enzymes, which in a eukaryote sit in the mitochondrion.

41.Bacterial cell have ability to maintain its shape through (UHS MDCAT 2023)

  1. Cell wail
  2. Capsule
  3. Cell wall & slime
  4. Slime
Show answer

Correct answer: (a) Cell wail

The rigid peptidoglycan wall is what holds a bacterium in shape.

42.For sterilization purpose, generally X-rays are used in which cause: (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Mutation in bacterial genome
  2. Denaturation of bacterial proteins
  3. Inactivation of bacteria
  4. Bacteria to become pathogen
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Correct answer: (a) Mutation in bacterial genome

X-rays are ionizing, so they damage the bacterial DNA beyond repair.

43.A bacterial cell envelope does not include: (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Slime
  2. Inner Membrane
  3. Cell wall
  4. Outer membrane
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Correct answer: (b) Inner Membrane

The envelope is the wall with the slime or capsule outside it and, in gram negative forms, an outer membrane; the plasma membrane is inside it.

44.Photosythetic bacteria have the ability to release: (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Sulphur
  2. Oxygen
  3. Hydrogen
  4. Carbon dioxide
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Correct answer: (a) Sulphur

Photosynthetic bacteria use hydrogen sulphide in place of water, so they give off sulphur, not oxygen.

45.A periplasmic space is: (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. The space between outer membrane and peptidoglycan layer of cell wall
  2. The space between cell membrane and cell wall
  3. The space within the cell
  4. The space between phospholipld bilayer
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) The space between cell membrane and cell wall

The periplasmic space lies between the plasma membrane and the wall.

46.Which of the following provides resistance against high temperature? (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Cysts
  2. Spores
  3. Cell wall
  4. Capsules
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Correct answer: (b) Spores

An endospore has almost no water and a tough coat, so it survives boiling.

47.Protein factories in prokaryotic cells are: (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Mesosomes
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Plasmids
  4. Nucleotides
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Correct answer: (b) Ribosomes

Ribosomes make the proteins in every cell, prokaryotic or not.

48.Which of the following structures provide resistance against some antibiotics such as beta lactam? (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Gram negative cell wall
  2. Spores
  3. Slime
  4. Capsules
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Correct answer: (a) Gram negative cell wall

The outer membrane of a gram negative wall keeps many antibiotics out.

49.During the sterilization process, in order to control pathogens, we use dry heat that causes? (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Oxidation of bacterial compounds
  2. Coagulation of bacterial proteins
  3. Separate the bacteria from their media
  4. Decrease in bacterial growth
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Correct answer: (a) Oxidation of bacterial compounds

Dry heat kills by oxidizing the constituents of the cell; moist heat coagulates its proteins.

50.Which of the following are circular, double stranded DNA molecules present in some bacterial cells? (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Nucleiod
  2. Plasmids
  3. Mesosomes
  4. Chromosomes
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Correct answer: (b) Plasmids

A plasmid is a small circle of double stranded DNA apart from the chromosome.

51.A very delicate surrounding structure that may result in the death of the bacterium if damaged is called : (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Capsule
  2. Flagella
  3. Cell membrane
  4. Cell wall
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Correct answer: (c) Cell membrane

The plasma membrane holds the contents in and controls what crosses, so damage to it is fatal.

52.A major component of bacterial cell walls: (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Teichoicacid
  2. Cartenoid
  3. Chitin
  4. Murein
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Correct answer: (d) Murein

Murein, or peptidoglycan, is the material of the bacterial wall.

53.Nitrifying bacteria belong to following group : (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Chemosynthetic
  2. Photosynthetic
  3. Parasitic
  4. Pathogenic
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Correct answer: (a) Chemosynthetic

Nitrifying bacteria get their energy by oxidizing ammonia and nitrite.

54.The chemical substances that are used to inhibit the growth of micro organism on living surfaces, are called: (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Disinfectants
  2. Chemotherapeutics
  3. Vaccines
  4. Antiseptics
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Correct answer: (d) Antiseptics

An antiseptic is used on living tissue; a disinfectant on surfaces.

55.Which of the following bacteria are also called recyclers of nature? (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Pathogenic bacteria
  2. Parasitic bacteria
  3. Photosynthetic bacteria
  4. Saprotrophic bacteria
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Correct answer: (d) Saprotrophic bacteria

Saprotrophic bacteria feed on dead matter and so return its elements to the soil.

56.A chemical which is applied on non living surface in order to control bacteria Is called: (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. Disinfectants
  2. Antiseptic
  3. Vaccines
  4. Antibiotics
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Correct answer: (a) Disinfectants

A chemical used on a non-living surface is a disinfectant; on living tissue it is an antiseptic.

57.Which of the following Is true about staphylococcus? (PMC MDCAT 2022)

  1. It is chain of spherical bacteria
  2. It is bunch of spherical bacteria
  3. It is square of spherical bacteria
  4. It is cube of spherical bacteria
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Correct answer: (b) It is bunch of spherical bacteria

Staphylococci divide in several planes and stay together in an irregular cluster.

58.The function of a cell wall in prokaryotes is: (PMC Practice 2021)

  1. To give cells rigidity
  2. To give specific shape
  3. To protect from osmotic lysis
  4. All of Above
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Correct answer: (d) All of Above

The peptidoglycan wall gives shape and rigidity and keeps the cell from bursting in dilute surroundings.

59.What is the name of the region where double-stranded single circular DNA is found in the prokaryotic cell? (PMC Practice 2021)

  1. Proton Nucleus
  2. Nucleus
  3. Nucleoplasm
  4. Nucleoid
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Correct answer: (d) Nucleoid

The region of a prokaryote where the circular chromosome lies is the nucleoid.

60.Purple non-sulphur bacteria is an example of which of the following? (PMC Practice 2021)

  1. Heterotrophic bacteria
  2. Saprotrophic bacteria
  3. Chemosynthetic bacteria
  4. Photosynthetic bacteria
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Correct answer: (d) Photosynthetic bacteria

The purple bacteria photosynthesize without oxygen, using hydrogen donors other than water.

61.Who discovered the bacteria causing tuberculosis and also developed various techniques of media preparation and maintenance of pure culture? (PMC Practice 2021)

  1. Robert Koch
  2. Louis Pasteur
  3. Alexander Fleming
  4. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
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Correct answer: (a) Robert Koch

Robert Koch found the tubercle bacillus and worked out how to grow pure cultures.

62.Which of the following types of bacterial reproduction is most similar to mitosis? (PMC Practice 2021)

  1. Transduction
  2. Transformation
  3. Binary fission
  4. Conjugation
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Correct answer: (c) Binary fission

Binary fission copies the chromosome and separates the copies, as mitosis does.

63.Which of the following is a unique characteristic of prokaryotic cells? (PMC Practice 2021)

  1. Lack of a cytoplast
  2. Presence of a cell wall
  3. Inability to create proton gradients
  4. mRNA translation simultaneous to transcription
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Correct answer: (d) mRNA translation simultaneous to transcription

With no nuclear envelope, the ribosomes start translating the messenger while it is still being made.

64.Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of a typical bacterium? (PMC MDCAT 2020)

  1. It has cell wall
  2. It has cytoplasm
  3. It has genetic material
  4. All of the above
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Correct answer: (d) All of the above

Every bacterium has a wall, cytoplasm and a chromosome.

65.70S sized ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm of: (PMC MDCAT 2020)

  1. Algae
  2. Fungi
  3. Protozoans
  4. Bacteria
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Correct answer: (d) Bacteria

Bacteria have 70S ribosomes; the eukaryotic ones are 80S.

66.Select a method which causes the oxidation of chemical constituent of a bacterial cell: (PMC MDCAT 2020)

  1. Steam
  2. Dry heat
  3. Filtration
  4. Radiation
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Correct answer: (b) Dry heat

Dry heat kills by oxidizing the constituents of the cell; moist heat coagulates its proteins.

67.The structure present in a eukaryotic cell but absent in prokaryotic cells is; (UHS MDCAT 2019)

  1. DNA
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Cell surface membrane
  4. Nucleus
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Correct answer: (d) Nucleus

A prokaryote has DNA, ribosomes and a membrane, but no nucleus.

68.The prokaryotes possess ribosome with larger subunit of: (UHS MDCAT 2019)

  1. 70S
  2. 50S
  3. 60S
  4. 40S
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Correct answer: (b) 50S

The prokaryotic ribosome is 70S, made of a 50S and a 30S subunit.

69.Rod-shaped bacteria are known as _______ (UHS MDCAT 2018)

  1. Spirilla
  2. Bacilli
  3. Spirochete
  4. Cocci
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Correct answer: (b) Bacilli

A rod shaped bacterium is a bacillus.

70.If lipopolysaccharides did not appear in the wall of bacteria on staining then it will be known as ________. (UHS MDCAT 2018)

  1. Gram negative
  2. Gram positive
  3. Capsule
  4. Both Gram positive & negative
Show answer

Correct answer: (b) Gram positive

Lipopolysaccharide belongs to the outer membrane of a gram negative wall.

71.When cocci form long chain of cells, the arrangement is termed as: (UHS MDCAT 2017)

  1. Staphylococcus
  2. Sarcina
  3. Streptococci
  4. Cocci
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Correct answer: (c) Streptococci

Cocci dividing in one plane and staying joined make a chain, a streptococcus.

72.Which type of bacteria has less amount of lipids in them: (UHS MDCAT 2017)

  1. Positive bacteria
  2. Negative bacteria
  3. Gram negative
  4. Gram positive
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Correct answer: (d) Gram positive

A gram positive wall is thick peptidoglycan with little lipid; the gram negative one has a lipid rich outer membrane.

73.Ribosomes in prokaryotes sediments at: (UHS MDCAT 2017)

  1. 40S
  2. 70S
  3. 80S
  4. 60S
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Correct answer: (b) 70S

The prokaryotic ribosome is 70S.

74.Many bacteria are motile due to presence of: (UHS MDCAT 2016)

  1. Flagella
  2. Pilli
  3. Cilia
  4. Microtubules
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Correct answer: (a) Flagella

Bacteria swim by rotating their flagella.

75._________ is an invagination of cell membrane which helps in cell division. (UHS MDCAT 2016)

  1. Fimbriae
  2. Nucleoid
  3. Mesosome
  4. Endospore
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Correct answer: (c) Mesosome

A mesosome is an infolding of the bacterial membrane to which the chromosome is anchored.

76.Which one of the following organelle is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (UHS MDCAT 2016)

  1. Centriole
  2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
  3. Nucleus
  4. Ribosome
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Correct answer: (d) Ribosome

Every cell makes protein on ribosomes, though the prokaryotic ones are smaller.

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