86 past paper MCQs on Cytoplasmic Organelles, from the Cell Structure and Function unit of MDCAT Biology. The year each question appeared is shown where known; tap “Show answer” for the correct option and a short solution.
1.Which of the following are single membrane bound organelles? (MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (c) Golgi bodies, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria have two membranes and ribosomes have none; these three have one each.
2.Digestive vacuoles and autophagosomes are also known as: (MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (c) secondary lysosomes
A primary lysosome that has fused with something to be digested is a secondary lysosome.
3.Cyclosis and amoeboid movements are due to: (MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (c) microfilaments
Actin microfilaments slide past one another and drive both streaming and crawling.
4.Proteins and lipids are modified into glycoproteins and glycolipids by which cell organelle? (MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (a) Golgi complex
The Golgi apparatus is where the sugar chains are added.
5.Chloroplasts are membrane bound bodies containing: (MDCAT 2024)
Correct answer: (c) pigment
The thylakoid membranes carry chlorophyll and the accessory pigments.
6.Which of the following is the function of the Golgi complex? (MDCAT 2024)
Correct answer: (d) processing of cell secretions
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and packages what the cell is about to secrete.
7.The organelles found only at the seedling stage in oil seed plants are: (MDCAT 2024)
Correct answer: (b) glyoxisomes
Glyoxisomes turn stored fat into sugar while the seedling has no leaves of its own.
8.One of the following is CORRECT regarding flagella: (MDCAT 2024)
Correct answer: (c) they originate from basal bodies
A eukaryotic flagellum grows from a basal body of the same nine-triplet structure as a centriole.
9.All are the functions of lysosome EXCEPT: (UHS MDCAT 2025)
Correct answer: (d) Lipid synthesis
Lysosomes digest, recycle and dispose; lipids are made in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
10.The function of nucleolus is to make: (UHS MDCAT 2025)
Correct answer: (c) Ribosomes
The nucleolus makes ribosomal RNA and assembles it with protein into ribosomes.
11.An active athlete has more stamina of running compared to an officer of same age with physically inactive lifestyle. Which of the following organelles has greatly increased in the muscle cells of athlete? (UHS MDCAT 2025)
Correct answer: (b) Mitochondria
Training multiplies the mitochondria of a muscle fibre, so more ATP is made aerobically.
12.All of the following are the functions of Golgi bodies EXCEPT: (KMU MDCAT 2025)
Correct answer: (c) Cellular respiration
The Golgi body packs and dispatches; respiration belongs to the mitochondrion.
13.Which organelle of the cell is involved in the detoxification of toxins and poisonous compounds? (KMU MDCAT 2025)
Correct answer: (b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the liver carries the enzymes that break down drugs and poisons.
14.Which structure enables the exchange of material between nucleus and cytoplasm? (KMU MDCAT 2025)
Correct answer: (b) Nuclear pores
Nuclear pores are the openings through which RNA leaves and proteins enter the nucleus.
15.The process by which unwanted structures are engulfed and digested within the lysosome is termed as: (NUMS MDCAT 2025)
Correct answer: (a) Autophagy
Autophagy is the lysosome digesting the cell’s own worn out structures.
16.Which of the following independently reproduces in the cell? (NUMS MDCAT 2025)
Correct answer: (c) Chloroplast
Chloroplasts carry their own DNA and ribosomes and divide by themselves.
17.The Golgi apparatus is structurally made of a series of flattened membrane bounded sacs. (SIBA MDCAT 2025)
Correct answer: (c) Cisternae
The flattened sacs of the Golgi body are its cisternae.
18.Which organelle give rise to primary lysosomes through budding in eukaryotic cells? (SZABMU MDCAT 2025)
Correct answer: (d) Golgi cisternae
Primary lysosomes bud off the Golgi cisternae carrying newly made hydrolytic enzymes.
19.Which of the following best describes the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus? (SZABMU MDCAT 2025)
Correct answer: (b) ER is precursor organelle to Golgi apparatus because material is transported from ER to Golgi
Vesicles bud from the endoplasmic reticulum and fuse with the forming face of the Golgi body.
20.Which organelle serves as a packaging and a distribution center for molecules within the cells? (SZABMU MDCAT 2025)
Correct answer: (a) Golgi apparatus
The Golgi body sorts, packages and dispatches the products of the cell.
21.Which of the following is the function of Golgi Complex? (UHS MDCAT 2024)
Correct answer: (d) Processing of cell secretions
The Golgi body modifies, packages and dispatches the secretions of the cell.
22.The organelles only found at seeding stage in oil seed plants are (UHS MDCAT 2024)
Correct answer: (b) Glyoxisomes
Glyoxysomes appear in germinating oil seeds, where they turn stored fat into sugar.
23.Which organelle contribute towards steroid production? (KMU MDCAT 2024)
Correct answer: (a) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Steroid hormones are made on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
24.The lysosomes found in eukaryotes contain: (KMU MDCAT 2024)
Correct answer: (a) Hydrolytic enzymes
A lysosome is a bag of hydrolytic enzymes.
25.Which cytoplasmic organelle make their own proteins? (KMU MDCAT 2024)
Correct answer: (c) Mitochondria
Mitochondria carry their own DNA and ribosomes and make some of their own proteins.
26.The active mass movement of mitochondria in the cytoplasm is due to (KMU MDCAT 2024)
Correct answer: (a) Cyclosis
Cyclosis is the streaming of the cytoplasm that carries the organelles round the cell.
27.Choose the option showing the correct set of characteristics for Intermediate filaments: (NUMS MDCAT 2024)
Correct answer: (a) Diameter 8-10nm, Vimentin, Mechanical support
Intermediate filaments are about $8$ to $10\,\mathrm{nm}$ across, made of proteins such as vimentin, and give mechanical strength.
28.Which of the following are single membranous organelles? (UHS MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (c) Golgi bodies, Lysosome and ER
Golgi bodies, lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum each have a single membrane; a mitochondrion has two.
29.The digestive vacuoles and autophagosomes are also known as? (UHS MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (c) Secondary lysosome
A primary lysosome that has fused with a vacuole becomes a secondary lysosome.
30.Which organelles would be more abundant in a secretory cell than non-secretory cells? (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (b) Golgi complex
The Golgi complex packages and dispatches secretions, so a secretory cell is full of it.
31.The structure which disappears during cell division is: (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (c) Nucleolus
The nucleolus breaks up at prophase and is rebuilt at telophase.
32.The enzyme ATP synthase is located on the membrane of: (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (b) Mitochondria
ATP synthase stands in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where the proton gradient drives it.
33.Intracellular digestion of food is done by the organelle: (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (b) Lysosome
Lysosomes carry the hydrolytic enzymes that digest what the cell takes in.
34.Which organelles of animal cells are called suicidal bags? (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (c) Lysosomes
A lysosome that bursts digests the cell itself, which is why it is called a suicide bag.
35.The organelle which provides neurotransmitters in the nervous pathway is: (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (c) Golgi apparatus
The Golgi body packs the transmitter into the vesicles of the synaptic knob.
36.The inner membrane of the mitochondria is folded to form finger like: (SZABMU MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (b) Cristae
The inner membrane folds inwards as cristae, which multiply its area.
37.Each centriole is composed of ________ of Microtubules: (NUMS MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (c) Nine Triplets
A centriole is a cylinder of nine triplets of microtubules.
38.The folds of Inner Membrane of mitochondria are called: (NUMS MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (b) Cristae
The infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane are the cristae.
39.Select the one which is NOT a function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)? (NUMS MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (d) Processing of glycoproteins
Glycoproteins are finished in the Golgi body; the smooth reticulum handles lipids and transport.
40._______ are spherical sacs, surrounded by a single membrane and contain hydrolytic enzymes: (NUMS MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (c) Lysosomes
That describes the lysosome.
41.Proteins and lipids are modified into Glycoproteins & Glycolipids by which cell organelle? (UHS MDCAT 2023)
Correct answer: (a) Golgi complex
The Golgi complex adds the sugar chains that make glycoproteins and glycolipids.
42.Lysosomes originate from which cell organelle? (PMC MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (c) Golgi apparatus
Primary lysosomes bud off the Golgi apparatus.
43.Which organelle synthesizes proteins for export or repackaging elsewhere? (PMC MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (a) Rough endoplasmic reticulom
Ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum make the proteins destined to leave the cell.
44.Which of these cell organelles are involved in the synthesis of new plant cell walls? (PMC MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (c) Golgi complex
The Golgi complex makes the vesicles that carry the wall material to the cell plate.
45.In a eukaryotic cell, where are the proteins for electron transport chain located? (PMC MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (c) Mitochondria
The chain sits in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
46.ATP synthase is located on the ____ of the mitochondrion: (PMC MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (d) Inner membrane
ATP synthase stands in the inner membrane, where the proton gradient drives it.
47.Lysosomes originate from which cellular organelle? (PMC MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (c) Golgi apparatus
Primary lysosomes bud off the Golgi apparatus.
48.Golgi complex was discovered by which scientist? (PMC MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (b) Camillo Golgi
Camillo Golgi saw it in nerve cells in 1898, and it carries his name.
49.Which cell organelle is incorrectly matched with its function? (PMC MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (d) Golgi apparatus – intracellular digestion
Intracellular digestion is the work of the lysosome; the Golgi body packs and dispatches.
50.Which of the following Is the system of elongated sac like structures (cisternae) or tubes linking the cell surface membrane and the nuclear envelope? (PMC MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (b) Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is a system of sacs and tubes running from the nuclear envelope outwards.
51.Which organelle would be more abundant in the se-cretory cell than the non-secretory cell: (NUMS MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (b) Golgi complex
The Golgi complex packages and dispatches secretions, so a secretory cell is full of it.
52.The structure which disappeared during cell division is: (NUMS MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (c) Nucleus
The nuclear envelope and the nucleolus break down at prophase and are rebuilt at telophase.
53.The enzyme ATP synthase is located on the mem-brane of the organelle: (NUMS MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (b) Mitochondria
ATP synthase stands in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
54.------ are spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane and containing hydrolytic enzymes: (NUMS MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (c) Lysosome
That describes the lysosome.
55.Within the nucleus ------ are made by the nucleolus: (NUMS MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (a) Ribosomes
The nucleolus makes ribosomal RNA and assembles it into ribosomes.
56.A group of ribosomes attached to mRNA is known as a polysome and the attachment is controlled by: (NUMS MDCAT 2022)
Correct answer: (b) Mg++ ions
Magnesium ions hold the two ribosomal subunits together on the messenger.
57.Centrosome is found in: (PMC Practice 2021)
Correct answer: (a) Cytoplasm
The centrosome lies in the cytoplasm beside the nucleus.
58.Proteins and lipids are converted into glycolipids and glycoproteins by adding carbohydrates by? (PMC Practice 2021)
Correct answer: (c) Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus adds the sugar chains.
59.Ribonucleoprotein particles are the name of? (PMC Practice 2021)
Correct answer: (d) Eukaryotic ribosomes
A ribosome is RNA and protein together, so it is a ribonucleoprotein particle.
60.Suggest which among the following is not a function attributed to endoplasmic reticulum? (PMC MDCAT 2020)
Correct answer: (b) Digestion/egestion of foreign materials outside the cell
Digestion of engulfed material is the work of the lysosome.
61.Which of the following cell organelles involved in the synthesis of cell wall and middle lamella? (PMC MDCAT 2020)
Correct answer: (b) Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus makes the vesicles that carry wall material to the cell plate.
62.The membrane separating the vacuole from cytoplasm is called (PMC MDCAT 2020)
Correct answer: (c) Tonoplast
The membrane round a plant vacuole is the tonoplast.
63.Among the following, which cellular organelle contains circular DNA, similar to those found in bacteria? (UHS MDCAT 2019)
Correct answer: (d) Mitochondria
Mitochondria carry a circular chromosome like a bacterium’s.
64.Site of mRNA translation (UHS MDCAT 2019)
Correct answer: (b) Ribosomes
Translation happens on the ribosome.
65.Which cell organelle is responsible for protein modification? (UHS MDCAT 2019)
Correct answer: (b) Golgi body
The Golgi body trims, glycosylates and packages the proteins the reticulum sends it.
66.Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the metabolism of: (UHS MDCAT 2019)
Correct answer: (d) Lipids
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes and breaks down lipids and steroids.
67.The finger like infoldings, which are formed by inner membrane of mitochondria, are called: (UHS MDCAT 2019)
Correct answer: (d) Cristae
The infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane are the cristae.
68.The cisternae breaks up into vesicles form _______ , ______ of Golgi complex. (UHS MDCAT 2018)
Correct answer: (d) Concave, maturing face
Vesicles bud from the concave maturing face; the convex face receives from the reticulum.
69.Site of protein synthesis in cells are: (UHS MDCAT 2018)
Correct answer: (a) Ribosomes
Proteins are built on the ribosomes.
70.Tonoplast bounds which organelle: (UHS MDCAT 2018)
Correct answer: (d) Vacuoles
The membrane round a vacuole is the tonoplast.
71.These structures are involved in the breakdown of old organelles: (UHS MDCAT 2018)
Correct answer: (d) Lysosomes
Lysosomes digest worn out organelles, which is autophagy.
72.In cross-section each Centriole consist of nine (each in triplets) of: (UHS MDCAT 2018)
Correct answer: (c) Microtubules
A centriole is nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a cylinder.
73.Ribosomes are made up of _______ and _________. (UHS MDCAT 2018)
Correct answer: (c) RNA and proteins
A ribosome is ribosomal RNA together with protein.
74.The group of ribosomes joined by mRNA is called as: (UHS MDCAT 2017)
Correct answer: (b) Polysomes
Several ribosomes reading one messenger together make a polysome.
75.Which organelle has two Subunits: (UHS MDCAT 2017)
Correct answer: (b) Ribosomes
A ribosome is built of a large and a small subunit.
76.Among the following which organelle has an outer membrane in it; (UHS MDCAT 2017)
Correct answer: (b) Mitochondria
A mitochondrion has an outer membrane and a folded inner one.
77.Identity the common organelle in plant and animals: (UHS MDCAT 2017)
Correct answer: (c) Mitochondria
Plastids belong to plants alone; mitochondria are in both.
78.The site for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA is: (UHS MDCAT 2017)
Correct answer: (c) Nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA is made in the nucleolus.
79.A complex network of channels extending from plasma membrane to nuclear membrane: (UHS MDCAT 2017)
Correct answer: (c) Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum runs as a network from the plasma membrane to the nuclear envelope.
80.Which function is associated with lysosomes: (UHS MDCAT 2017)
Correct answer: (c) Phagocytosis
Lysosomes digest what phagocytosis brings in.
81.The inner membrane of mitochondria form extensive infoldings called: (UHS MDCAT 2016)
Correct answer: (a) Cristae
The infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane are the cristae.
82.The organelle involved in detoxification of drugs and poisons in the liver cells is: (UHS MDCAT 2016)
Correct answer: (a) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the liver carries the enzymes that break down drugs.
83.How many triplets of microtubules are present in centriole? (UHS MDCAT 2015)
Correct answer: (c) Nine
A centriole is nine triplets of microtubules.
84.Ribosomes are tiny organisms, which are involved in the synthesis of: (UHS MDCAT 2015)
Correct answer: (a) Protein
Ribosomes are where protein is made.
85.Which organelle is bounded by two membranes? (UHS MDCAT 2015)
Correct answer: (b) Mitochondria
A mitochondrion has an outer membrane and a folded inner one.
86.At the beginning of nuclear division, the number of microtubule triplets in two pairs of centrioles that migrate to opposite poles are: (UHS MDCAT 2015)
Correct answer: (d) 36
Each centriole is nine triplets, and two pairs make four centrioles, that is thirty-six triplets.